polity
Xhosa
Eastern Cape and adjacent frontier regions.
Initial entity stub generated from the nineteenth-century event dataset.
In this family
Events
1544Lourenço Marques surveys Delagoa Bay1552São João survivors pass through organised coastal societiesFrom 1552Shipwreck accounts begin documenting coastal chiefly authorityJune 1552São João wrecked on the south-eastern coastApril 1554São Bento wrecked near the Transkei coastMarch 1589São Thomé wrecked near the Natal coast24 March 1593Santo Alberto wrecked on the Pondoland coastFrom late March 1593Santo Alberto survivors record extensive contact with coastal communities1668Hieronimus Cruse ordered to explore the south-east coast1686Stavenisse wrecked on the south-eastern coast1775Death of Phalo heightens Gcaleka–Rharhabe tensions1778VOC extends eastern boundary to the Fish and Bushmans rivers1779–1781First Frontier War1780–1781Van Jaarsveld’s commandos claim to clear the Zuurveld1786Graaff-Reinet is founded1789–1793Second Frontier WarMay 1793H. C. D. Maynier becomes landdrost of Graaff-Reinet1799–1803Third Frontier War1811–1812Fourth Frontier Warc. 1815Mfecane or Difaqane begins1818–1819Fifth Frontier War and the attack on Grahamstown22 April 1819Makhanda (Nxele) leads the attack on Grahamstown18201820 British settlers arrive in the eastern Cape1834–1835Sixth Frontier War1835Hintsa killed during the Sixth Frontier Warc. 1840Mfecane or Difaqane subsides1846–1847Seventh Frontier War (War of the Axe)1850–1853Eighth Frontier War1856–1857Xhosa Cattle-Killing1877–1878Ninth Frontier War1894Glen Grey Act1976Transkei declared 'independent'